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    • further polished WS using above suggestions and also included couple of more modifications highlighted in orange are those ok to include?   Background   1.1  The Defendant received the Parking Charge Notice (PCN) on the 06th of January 2020 following the vehicle being parked at Arla Old Dairy, South Ruislip on the 05th of December 2019.   Unfair PCN   2.1  On 19th December 2023 the Defendant sent the Claimant's solicitors a CPR request.  As shown in Exhibit 1 (pages 7-13) sent by the solicitors the signage displayed in their evidence clearly shows a £60.00 parking charge notice (which will be reduced to £30 if paid within 14 days of issue).  2.2  Yet the PCN sent by the Claimant is for a £100.00 parking charge notice (reduced to £60 if paid within 30 days of issue).   2.3        The Claimant relies on signage to create a contract.  It is unlawful for the Claimant to write that the charge is £60 on their signs and then send demands for £100.    2.4        The unlawful £100 charge is also the basis for the Claimant's Particulars of Claim.  No Locus Standi  3.1  I do not believe a contract with the landowner, that is provided following the defendant’s CPR request, gives MET Parking Services a right to bring claims in their own name. Definition of “Relevant contract” from the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, Schedule 4,  2 [1] means a contract Including a contract arising only when the vehicle was parked on the relevant land between the driver and a person who is-   (a) the owner or occupier of the land; or   (b) Authorised, under or by virtue of arrangements made by the owner or occupier of the land, to enter into a contract with the driver requiring the payment of parking charges in respect of the parking of the vehicle on the land. According to https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46/section/44   For a contract to be valid, it requires a director from each company to sign and then two independent witnesses must confirm those signatures.   3.2  The Defendant requested to see such a contract in the CPR request.  The fact that no contract has been produced with the witness signatures present means the contract has not been validly executed. Therefore, there can be no contract established between MET Parking Services and the motorist. Even if “Parking in Electric Bay” could form a contract (which it cannot), it is immaterial. There is no valid contract.  Illegal Conduct – No Contract Formed   4.1 At the time of writing, the Claimant has failed to provide the following, in response to the CPR request from myself.   4.2        The legal contract between the Claimant and the landowner (which in this case is Standard Life Investments UK) to provide evidence that there is an agreement in place with landowner with the necessary authority to issue parking charge notices and to pursue payment by means of litigation.   4.3 Proof of planning permission granted for signage etc under the Town and country Planning Act 1990. Lack of planning permission is a criminal offence under this Act and no contract can be formed where criminality is involved.   4.4        I also do not believe the claimant possesses these documents.   No Keeper Liability   5.1        The defendant was not the driver at the time and date mentioned in the PCN and the claimant has not established keeper liability under schedule 4 of the PoFA 2012. In this matter, the defendant puts it to the claimant to produce strict proof as to who was driving at the time.   5.2 The claimant in their Notice To Keeper also failed to comply with PoFA 2012 Schedule 4 section 9[2][f] while mentioning “the right to recover from the keeper so much of that parking charge as remains unpaid” where they did not include statement “(if all the applicable conditions under this Schedule are met)”.     5.3         The claimant did not mention parking period, times on the photographs are separate from the PCN and in any case are that arrival and departure times not the parking period since their times include driving to and from the parking space as a minimum and can include extra time to allow pedestrians and other vehicles to pass in front.    Protection of Freedoms Act 2012   The notice must -   (a) specify the vehicle, the relevant land on which it was parked and the period of parking to which the notice relates;  22. In the persuasive judgement K4GF167G - Premier Park Ltd v Mr Mathur - Horsham County Court – 5 January 2024 it was on this very point that the judge dismissed this claim.  5.4  A the PCN does not comply with the Act the Defendant as keeper is not liable.  No Breach of Contract   6.1       No breach of contract occurred because the PCN and contract provided as part of the defendant’s CPR request shows different post code, PCN shows HA4 0EY while contract shows HA4 0FY. According to PCN defendant parked on HA4 0EY which does not appear to be subject to the postcode covered by the contract.  6.2         The entrance sign does not mention anything about there being other terms inside the car park so does not offer a contract which makes it only an offer to treat,  Interest  7.1  It is unreasonable for the Claimant to delay litigation for  Double Recovery   7.2  The claim is littered with made-up charges.  7.3  As noted above, the Claimant's signs state a £60 charge yet their PCN is for £100.  7.4  As well as the £100 parking charge, the Claimant seeks recovery of an additional £70.  This is simply a poor attempt to circumvent the legal costs cap at small claims.  7.5 Since 2019, many County Courts have considered claims in excess of £100 to be an abuse of process leading to them being struck out ab initio. An example, in the Caernarfon Court in VCS v Davies, case No. FTQZ4W28 on 4th September 2019, District Judge Jones-Evans stated “Upon it being recorded that District Judge Jones- Evans has over a very significant period of time warned advocates (...) in many cases of this nature before this court that their claim for £60 is unenforceable in law and is an abuse of process and is nothing more than a poor attempt to go behind the decision of the Supreme Court v Beavis which inter alia decided that a figure of £160 as a global sum claimed in this case would be a penalty and not a genuine pre-estimate of loss and therefore unenforceable in law and if the practice continued, he would treat all cases as a claim for £160 and therefore a penalty and unenforceable in law it is hereby declared (…) the claim is struck out and declared to be wholly without merit and an abuse of process.”  7.6 In Claim Nos. F0DP806M and F0DP201T, District Judge Taylor echoed earlier General Judgment or Orders of District Judge Grand, stating ''It is ordered that the claim is struck out as an abuse of process. The claim contains a substantial charge additional to the parking charge which it is alleged the Defendant contracted to pay. This additional charge is not recoverabl15e under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, Schedule 4 nor with reference to the judgment in Parking Eye v Beavis. It is an abuse of process from the Claimant to issue a knowingly inflated claim for an additional sum which it is not entitled to recover. This order has been made by the court of its own initiative without a hearing pursuant to CPR Rule 3.3(4)) of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998...''  7.7 In the persuasive case of G4QZ465V - Excel Parking Services Ltd v Wilkinson – Bradford County Court -2 July 2020 (Exhibit 4) the judge had decided that Excel had won. However, due to Excel adding on the £60 the Judge dismissed the case.  7.8        The addition of costs not previously specified on signage are also in breach of the Consumer Rights Act 2015, Schedule 2, specifically paras 6, 10 and 14.   7.9        It is the Defendant’s position that the Claimant in this case has knowingly submitted inflated costs and thus the entire claim should be similarly struck out in accordance with Civil Procedure Rule 3.3(4).   In Conclusion   8.1        I invite the court to dismiss the claim.  Statement of Truth  I believe that the facts stated in this witness statement are true. I understand that proceedings for contempt of court may be brought against anyone who makes, or causes to be made, a false statement in a document verified by a statement of truth without an honest belief in its truth.   
    • Well the difference is that in all our other cases It was Kev who was trying to entrap the motorist so sticking two fingers up to him and daring him to try court was from a position of strength. In your case, sorry, you made a mistake so you're not in the position of strength.  I've looked on Google Maps and the signs are few & far between as per Kev's MO, but there is an entrance sign saying "Pay & Display" (and you've admitted in writing that you knew you had to pay) and the signs by the payment machines do say "Sea View Car Park" (and you've admitted in writing you paid the wrong car park ... and maybe outed yourself as the driver). Something I missed in my previous post is that the LoC is only for one ticket, not two. Sorry, but it's impossible to definitively advise what to so. Personally I'd probably gamble on Kev being a serial bottler of court and reply with a snotty letter ridiculing the signage (given you mentioned the signage in your appeal) - but it is a gamble.  
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    • We have finally managed to obtain the transcript of this case.

      The judge's reasoning is very useful and will certainly be helpful in any other cases relating to third-party rights where the customer has contracted with the courier company by using a broker.
      This is generally speaking the problem with using PackLink who are domiciled in Spain and very conveniently out of reach of the British justice system.

      Frankly I don't think that is any accident.

      One of the points that the judge made was that the customers contract with the broker specifically refers to the courier – and it is clear that the courier knows that they are acting for a third party. There is no need to name the third party. They just have to be recognisably part of a class of person – such as a sender or a recipient of the parcel.

      Please note that a recent case against UPS failed on exactly the same issue with the judge held that the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 did not apply.

      We will be getting that transcript very soon. We will look at it and we will understand how the judge made such catastrophic mistakes. It was a very poor judgement.
      We will be recommending that people do include this adverse judgement in their bundle so that when they go to county court the judge will see both sides and see the arguments against this adverse judgement.
      Also, we will be to demonstrate to the judge that we are fair-minded and that we don't mind bringing everything to the attention of the judge even if it is against our own interests.
      This is good ethical practice.

      It would be very nice if the parcel delivery companies – including EVRi – practised this kind of thing as well.

       

      OT APPROVED, 365MC637, FAROOQ, EVRi, 12.07.23 (BRENT) - J v4.pdf
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Income Support and max bank balance


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antone-You say that 'lawful doesn't enter into it', but what is lawful or not is the whole point of the argument. I agree the £6,000 threshold is an arbitrary figure, but it is the DWP's arbitrary figure so it has effect in law. 'Contriving ' to keep your capital under £6,000 is not an offence any more than 'contriving 'to keep your speed under 30mph whilst passing a speed camera. The bottom line is that if you are paid in 2 instalments you never go over the threshold so you never lose entitlement to means-tested benefits.

 

No, you missed the point: "lawful" doesn't enter into it because there is no crime involved in spending one's own money. Deprivation of capital is not, in and of itself, an offence, it's merely something that will be taken into account when entitlement to means tested benefits is considered. OP could receive all the money at once, or in eleven separate installments of £1000 or whatever, spend it all on fine wines and luxury holidays, and commit no crime whatsoever provided he or she did not attempt to hide this from the DWP. We do have to be careful about assuming that keeping capital under an arbitrary limit will, under all circumstances, protect a claimant from any suggestion that deprivation has taken place.

 

You do seem to be aware of potential problems with your proposal, since you were careful to select £5,400 as the amount the OP should seek from the estate, presumably in the erroneous belief that there is no requirement to report smaller amounts than this. But even if you're right and I am wrong about that, why did you not select £5,500 as the amount? Well, because you believe OP would be required to report that amount, but why, if what you propose is not a problem, would a requirement to report be a concern?

 

The real stumbling point, of course, is that a claimant can be treated as having notional capital if that capital would be available on application (see DMG29, 29857). The reason I used the word "contrived" is quite simple: a deal reached with an executor of an estate to delay payment of an inheritance for no reason other than to circumvent DWP capital rules is is pretty much the definition of "contrived". This is important: deprivation requires an intent to secure entitlement to means tested benefits, and it's normally fairly easy to argue that yes, you had the money and spent it but no, you did not do so with the intent to secure benefit entitlement. It won't be so easy to make that argument if you've struck a deal with the executor for that specific purpose.

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So if she gives me one cheque for 5,500 made out to me and the rest in a cheque for a garage I could buy a car?

 

If you have a justifiable need for a car (and it doesn't have to be much justification: cars are not luxury items for many people) then you could probably just buy one with cash or a cheque of your own and not have any problems with deprivation. The mere fact that money is issued to you in the form of a cheque to a third party won't put you in the clear, though.

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Just checking through some more DMGs on this matter, and Konark is right and I was wrong about one point: it is indeed not necessary to report capital changes that do not result in the claimant having capital over £5,500. Fair enough - when someone is right they're right etc, and I concede that point.

 

Still, my basic point stands: deliberately delaying receipt of capital is a bad idea, for the reasons I mentioned above.

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My sister is prepared to retain it in the executors account as she maintains no one can force me to accept my inheritance.

 

if it were me, i would do this. the guvment have bigger fish to fry than you. just plead ignorance and have a happy life.

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overdone- getting your sister to buy a car for you would probably go 'under the radar' because you'd stay under the threshold, but technically this is still deprivation of capital unless the DWP consider the car to be reasonable spending, which they may do if you ask them, it's been allowed before..

 

antone- You say 'The real stumbling point, of course, is that a claimant can be treated as having notional capital if that capital would be available on application (see DMG29, 29857)'. A beneficiary of a will cannot take capital 'on application', certainly not during the 'executor's year'; they get their bequest when the executor chooses to give it them and not before. It would be very difficult to prove that any deal had been struck with the executor..When solicitors act as executors they often release an interim payment as assets are sold whilst hanging on to some money in case of surprise creditors or long-lost relatives turning up so staged payments are quite common..

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Not an inheritance but a similar situation and here's hiw it actually panned out for me.

As part of divorce settlement i had the house and the kids and did not have to sell till the youngest left school at 16.

Put house on market and it sold, the property made around £30k and this was split between myself and ex after expenses.

At this point i of course had to move with the kids and into private rented i went at £550 per month. As the divorce left me in a financial mess i had to pay 6 months upfront, plus deposit so £4300.

My belongings went into storage for a couple of weeks at a tune of £350 plus removal van and then van again 2 weeks later so £700 altogether

I bought new furniture for new house throughout, sofas, beds etc, 2k worth i think and i replaced my car @ £3,600. All in all i soent around £11k and then git a letter from income support which i receive as i am carer to my disabled son, asking about the capital, i told them everything i had done with it and how much i had left. Because i was up front and honest with them from the start i had no problems at all and they accepted my explanations as i had receipts and/or bank statements.

The point is this and in answer to your original post, you can soend it on whatever you like but be careful because IS will ask. If you need to repkace things such as your car or old worn out furniture, thats fine, i pretty much re furnished a full house, i just didnt go overboard with flashing the cash

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If you need a car, theres nothing stopping you taking the full inheritance and buying one, £6k isnt unreasonable for a decent reliable car these days.

I will stand corrected if anyone knows if there is a limit under IS rules of deprivation of capital

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antone- You say 'The real stumbling point, of course, is that a claimant can be treated as having notional capital if that capital would be available on application (see DMG29, 29857)'. A beneficiary of a will cannot take capital 'on application', certainly not during the 'executor's year'; they get their bequest when the executor chooses to give it them and not before. It would be very difficult to prove that any deal had been struck with the executor..When solicitors act as executors they often release an interim payment as assets are sold whilst hanging on to some money in case of surprise creditors or long-lost relatives turning up so staged payments are quite common..

 

The key points are: capital cannot be counted as belonging to the claimant until that person becomes the beneficial owner of the capital. However, if the claimant intentionally defers receipt of capital in order to secure entitlement to means tested benefits, then it is likely to be treated as notional capital. I accept that there are cases where an executor may, for perfectly valid reasons, be unable to release all or part of the money for some time. But that's not what we're talking about here: the suggestion was to work something out with the executor to release the capital in smaller sums specifically in order to conceal the existence of said capital from the DWP. What you're saying now is that this would be a relatively easy scheme to get away with, and that may well be true. But it is, quite clearly, deprivation.

 

It's academic now from the OP's point of view, but the best way to deal with these sorts of situations is to use various types of trust. It is possible, with planning, to preserve means tested benefit entitlement while still using the money for the benefit of the claimant.

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"It's academic now from the OP's point of view, but the best way to deal with these sorts of situations is to use various types of trust. It is possible, with planning, to preserve means tested benefit entitlement while still using the money for the benefit of the claimant."

 

I do know of someone with money in a trust fund of sorts, what it is I don't know, but they still get means tested benefits like income support. They can access it too but would then have to declare it to Dhss. And lose money. This is all legal. Any idea what trust this might be as a friend of mine had a solicitor who was sorting the same deal out for him. Lost touch with both friends so dont know where to start.

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"It's academic now from the OP's point of view, but the best way to deal with these sorts of situations is to use various types of trust. It is possible, with planning, to preserve means tested benefit entitlement while still using the money for the benefit of the claimant."

 

I do know of someone with money in a trust fund of sorts, what it is I don't know, but they still get means tested benefits like income support. They can access it too but would then have to declare it to Dhss. And lose money. This is all legal. Any idea what trust this might be as a friend of mine had a solicitor who was sorting the same deal out for him. Lost touch with both friends so dont know where to start.

 

I'm afraid I don't know the details of how to do it - a solicitor would indeed be the best way forward to explain these possibilities, as it's a more specialised area than we on this forum can really deal with. It would need proper professional legal advice. The idea hadn't even really occurred to me until an old school friend, who is now a solicitor herself, set up a business in Scotland offering those sorts of services. (I mention that only in passing: I'm not her advertising agency and in any case she's on a maternity break :) )

 

But it can be done in some circumstances.

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You may find some guidance here in the following links

 

 

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1987/1967/made

 

 

Notional income

 

42.—(1) A claimant shall be treated as possessing income of which he has deprived himself for the purpose of securing entitlement to income support or increasing the amount of that benefit.

 

(2) Except in the case of—

 

(a)a discretionary trust;

(b)a trust derived from a payment made in consequence of a personal injury;

©unemployment benefit under the Social Security Act which may be payable to a claimant who is not required to be available for employment; or

(d)an increase of child benefit payable to a claimant under regulation 2(2) of the Child Benefit and Social Security (Fixing and Adjustment of Rates) Regulations 1976(76) (rates of child benefit),

 

 

 

http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/avoiding-the-benefits-trap-the-award-of-settlement-money-in-personal-injury-cases-may-mean-loss-of-your-clients-entitlement-to-benefits/19830.fullarticle

 

Regards

 

Andy

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