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    • Thanks for that, Bazza. It sheds some more light on things but I’m still by no means sure of the OP’s father’s likelihood of successfully defending the charge. This in particular from the guidance stands out me: He does not meet all the s88 criteria. S88 is clear and unambiguous: It makes no provision for either the driver or a medical professional to make a judgement on his fitness to drive under s88. S92(4) and the June 2013 guidance you mention defines in what circumstances the SoS must issue a licence. It does no modify s88 in any way. However, delving further I have noticed that the DVLA provides a service where the driver can enter a relevant medical condition to obtain the correct documentation to apply for a licence: https://www.gov.uk/health-conditions-and-driving/find-condition-online I haven’t followed this through because I don’ have the answers that the OP’s father would give to the questions they will ask and in any case it requires the input of personal information and I don’t want to cause complications with my driving licence. It is possible, however, that the end result (apart from providing the necessary forms) is a “Yes/No” answer to whether the driver can continue to drive (courtesy of s88). With that in mind, I should think at  the very least the OP’s father should have completed that process but there is no mention that he has. The Sleep Apnoea Trust gives some useful guidance on driving and SA: https://sleep-apnoea-trust.org/driving-and-sleep-apnoea/detailed-guidance-to-uk-drivers-with-sleep-apnoea/ I know nothing about SA at all and found It interesting to learn that there are various “grades” of the condition. But the significant thing which struck me is that it is only the least trivial version that does not require a driver to report his condition to the DVLA. But more significant than that is that the SA Trust makes no mention of continuing to drive once the condition has been reported. The danger here is that the court will simply deconstruct s88 and reach the same conclusion that I have. I accept, having looked at the DVLA guidance, that there may be (as far as they are concerned) scope for s88 to apply contrary to the conditions stated in the legislation. Firstly, we don’ know whether there is and secondly we don’t know whether the OP’s father would qualify to take advantage of it. Of course he could argue that he need no have reported his condition. The SA trust certainly emphasises that the condition should not be reported until a formal detailed diagnosis is obtained. But the fact is he did report it. As soon as he does that, as far as I can see,  s88 is no longer available to him. Certainly as it stands I maintain my opinion that he was not allowed to continue driving under s88. The only way I would change this is to see the end result of the DVLA exercise I mentioned above. If that said he could continue driving he would have a defence to the charge. Without it I am not confident.  
    • Right, my friend has just called me. He has indeed had to cancel bookings in the past from his end. There is a specific number for Booking.com that he calls.   After that Booking.com jump into action and contact you re refund and/or alternative accommodation. I suppose it's all logical - the party cancelling the booking has to inform Booking.com. So the gite owner needs to contact Booking.com on the cancellation number.
    • they are not FINES. you totally ignore all the silly fake civil restorative letters. they are totally powerless just the same as any DCA on any old debt. might be an idea to go have a chat with your GP in confidence as you recognise whats going on. dx  
    • pinging @Man in the middle looks to me you are on the correct track, you shouldn't need a sols. Programmable Search Engine (google.com) clickme^^ thread title updated dx  
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    • We have finally managed to obtain the transcript of this case.

      The judge's reasoning is very useful and will certainly be helpful in any other cases relating to third-party rights where the customer has contracted with the courier company by using a broker.
      This is generally speaking the problem with using PackLink who are domiciled in Spain and very conveniently out of reach of the British justice system.

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      OT APPROVED, 365MC637, FAROOQ, EVRi, 12.07.23 (BRENT) - J v4.pdf
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What is Money ?


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What is Money?

Many people spend their lives trying to make money, but my experience shows that almost no one really understands what money is. For lack of a few concepts, most people place themselves at a tremendous disadvantage to the few who do understand money and how it works.

 

It seems almost inconceivable that something of universal importance could be universally misunderstood, at all levels, from child to economics professor. But there is a very convenient reason for all the confusion surrounding something as simple as money: profit motive. We'll pinpoint who benefits from widespread misunderstanding, later.

 

Before we move forward, ask yourself the question, "What is money?" Have you ever been asked?

"The study of money, above all other fields in economics, is one in which complexity is used to disguise truth or to evade truth, not to reveal it." - John Kenneth Galbraith

What is money?

 

Most people are inclined to point to a distressed note, tucked neatly inside their wallet. Everyone knows that these paper “Bank of England Notes”, "Federal Reserve Notes" “Euro Notes” etc are money, right? Wrong. A paper note is "currency." Currency is about the only thing in the world that is not a form of money.

 

Money is any tradable asset.

 

An asset is "tradable" when it carries some tangible value, that is, when it is something that people value. A house is money, because people desire homes. A car is money. A paperclip is money. A service is money, if it is desired and can be traded for other things.

 

So what is the paper note in your wallet? Isn't it money, too? Well, a Bank of England paper pound note does have some tangible value, I can write my grocery list on the back of it. For the most part, paper is worthless. A paper note is "currency." Currency is an accounting system for money. It is difficult to haul your vacation home to market for trade, so we carry currency instead. Currency in isolation, without backing assets, is worthless.

 

Assets are money. Currency is a paper accounting system for money. Paper is worthless without money.

 

It follows then, that the total value of any accounting system for money, or all the currency in circulation, is always equal to the amount of money that backs it. There can be a billion Pounds of currency in circulation, there can be a trillion, there can be a quadrillion, or there can be a single Pound. The number of paper Pounds, or the number of zeros printed on those Pounds, does not matter. The sum total of all circulating currency always accounts for the total amount of money in existence, and nothing more.

 

This concept is critical to understanding what happened in 2008, and what is about to happen in 2009, and beyond.

 

So we know:

 

MONEY = any tradable asset

CURRENCY = a paper accounting system for MONEY

 

And so:

 

CURRENCY/MONEY = the amount paper per asset = PRICES

The amount of things an asset commands in trade = VALUE

 

 

VALUE almost never changes. The VALUE of a house is four walls and roof over your head, so it always commands a similar house in trade, regardless of their PRICES. PRICE can be anything, it is meaningless with respect to asset VALUE. PRICE, while initially arbitrary, should be stable. However, as we will uncover shortly, the people who do understand money will have none of that.

[sIGPIC][/sIGPIC]....Please don't bother my master 'cos my sister & I might bite you...

 

I DO NOT offer legal advice

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"I just say what I say because everyone is entitled to my opinion!"

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Site team to went to a vote to see who were worthiest of reading it

 

and BG won woohooo

 

ida x

 

 

but can anyone understand it?:confused::confused::confused:

All advice offered here is my opinion only based on what I would do in a given situation. If you wish to act on it you do so at your own discretion

......................................................

I have no legal expertise or qualification, and give advice on the basis of my own experience and nothing else.

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It is a good read... if you read the writing on a note, is is only a "promise to pay" the actual "money" is the work you did or the goods you "sold" to receive the notes.

 

As a side note, "money for nothing" can never really exist, the notes always represent some work done by someone.

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