Unfortunately silk000 the method used by the 'warranty' company is typical of the lower end of would be warranty providers, they use these general part exclusions to extend to whatever they can in order to get out of claims. Unfortunately I don't see an easy way to proceed outside of court action in which you would need to provide your own, via an independent professional, report to counter theirs, but I am no expert when it comes to court action. Your description implies the belt breaking damaged the pulley but I suspect you meant the other way round. When was the cambelt last changed and the tensioning pulley? Not sure what glass rockers are, where did you get this term, but there is a chance the rockers and valve train will also be damaged?

If it is a AD diesel engine then there is a known issue with head gasket failure. There is a Toyota entended warranty covering this engine for 7 years and 111,846 miles. However looking at the document (AD Engine out of warranty guidelines (0730J)) this may only be applicable to an older RAV4s and not the OPs one. The production dates covered are Jul 2005 to Dec 2008, so being an 09 model it maybe a petrol vehicle and the above will be void. OP what engine does your RAV4 have (or had as the case maybe)?